(9) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the order of human needs is as follows: physiological, safety, love, affection and sense of belonging, selfesteem and at the top of the pyramid is the need for self-actualization. Of 125 Iranians high school students who have won awards at international science Olympiads over a period of three years, ending at 2001, 90 are now at US universities. Almost 150000-180000 Iranians try to immigrate by various means annually. On the other hand, our country ranks first in brain drain among 61 developing and less developed countries according to International Monetary Found (IMF) report In the latest theories of intelligence, more focus has been laid on interpersonal and intrapersonal relationship and leadership ability Sydney Marland has described several aspects of intelligence: general intellectual ability, specific academic ability, creative thinking, leadership ability and artistic potential In Renzulli's three ring model of giftedness, general intellectual ability, creativity and task commitment are the components of giftedness and talent Giftedness is the distinguished ability in one or more fields and talent is the higher than normal performance in one or more fields. The concept of intelligence has recently been received broader and more specified meanings with recognition of specific and non-traditional talent areas and the popularising of "Multiple intelligences" In the last three decades, concepts of giftedness and talent have been significantly changed 12,13 Support for the gifted is important therefore, because without it, they may not progress as well as they might. 12,13,16 Giftedness also holds the potential for exceptional achievements and it is only from their work that the gifted are identified. Talent is the “outstanding mastery of systematically developed abilities” 12 and can be acquired, whereas special or natural abilities are essential for giftedness. The gifted are often spoken of as being ‘talented’ but having talent and being gifted are not the same. 12 It might be, for example, the difference between missed opportunities and opportunities that come at just the right moment to propel the individual forward. The positive or negative expression of the various factors, the interplay between them and the ultimate outcome will differ for each individual. 12,13,14 While outstanding natural abilities are a prerequisite, it cannot be assumed that a gifted or talented child will invariably become a gifted adult. Giftedness arises from the interplay between several factors by which skills are systematically built, namely: outstanding natural abilities intrapersonal factors environmental influences and importantly, chance and maturation. It is not high intelligence or natural abilities alone. 11 Gagné, 12,13 defines it as “the possession of outstanding natural abilities in at least one domain and at a degree that places the individual at the top 10% of age peers”. 7,8 There are several definitions and models of giftedness 7,8,9,10 and in many respects, the definition depends on the construct. Theory on giftedness is based largely in primary and secondary education. Rather giftedness highlights creativty, leadership, talents, and/or academics. Contrary to what many believe, being gifted and talented is not synonymous with a high IQ.
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